Critical Issues in the American Criminal Justice System -...

Critical Issues in the American Criminal Justice System: Sentencing Decisions and the Death Penalty Richard W Ramsay Dr. Allen Lowery CJ 6624 – Court Administration December 1, 2010 Abstract This paper discusses three critical issues in the criminal justice system. It touches on the general issues of punishment philosophies, sentence decision making, and prison overcrowding and focused more specifically on the negative effects of each. Highlighted in this informational paper is the interrelated nature of the issues; each issue affects and is affected by the others. Data and information has been gathered from the FBI Uniform Crime Report, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, Amnesty International, the NAACP Legal Defense†¦show more content†¦375) and by using this hedonistic calculus people will refrain from committing crimes. This concept focuses on the punishment fitting the criminal and on preventing future crimes from occurring. The three most important factors in effectively deterring a criminal from further crimes are the severity of the punishment, the certainty of the punishment, and the swiftness of the punishment. If criminal doesn’t believe he will be punished or he feels the punishment is minor in comparison to the crime or if the punishment is not swift enough, then he/she will not be deterred from committing crimes. Studies on the effectiveness of deterrence have shown to be inconclusive. The deficient areas of deterrence are crimes committed in the heat of passions, crimes committed under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and the massive backlog of cases in the nation’s courts (Neubauer amp; Fradella, 2008). Incapacitation, the removal of the offender from society to prevent them from harming society further, has been in use since ancient times. The incapacitation may be in the form of exile, penal colonies, prison, or placement in a mental institution. Regardless of the form, incapacitation places its focus on the future behavior of the offender and on the characteristics of the offender. It assumes that since that majority of crime is committed by a small number of criminals, removing them from society will redu ce crime. What this theory does not take in toShow MoreRelatedRacial Disparity in Sentencing1728 Words   |  7 PagesDisparity in Sentencing Lori Raynor University of Phoenix Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice CJA/423 Ron McGee September 06, 2010 Abstract In this paper I will illustrate racial disparity in sentencing in the criminal justice system. The causes of racial disparity and the reasons it is on the rise, the research statistics, and the proposed solutions are discussed. Racial Disparity in Sentencing The intersection of racial dynamics with the criminal justice system is one ofRead MoreDeath Penalty Sentencing and the Criminal Justice System619 Words   |  2 Pagesï » ¿Jpz777 04/15/2013 Order # 2091084 An examination of death penalty sentencing procedures within the American criminal justice system suggests that the legal and moral authority to execute condemned criminals granted to a government has been tested time and time again, only to be reaffirmed by the Supreme Court. While the 1960s saw a series of failed attempts to ban the practice, launched by death penalty abolitionist groups firm in their belief that murder can never be justified, it was not untilRead MoreEssay on Should the Death Penalty be Abolished?3057 Words   |  13 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty does one thing it â€Å"kills.† It temporarily takes away the pain for someone’s loss, but in the end it does not bring back the person you loved. The death penalty has been considered to be one of the most cruel and unusual punishments for sentencing criminals. I do not believe the death penalty should exist, even when the most heinous crimes have been committed. The death penalty will always be a debatable topic because no one should haveRead MorePlea Bargaining : An Effective Tool1684 Words   |  7 PagesPlea-bargaining is one of the most controversial aspects of the American legal process. While some individuals regard plea-bargaining as an effective tool used to ensure justice, others consider it fundamentally unconstitutional. Plea-bargaining is a process in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a charge in exchange for either a reduced sentence or a lesser charge. The process is extremely private and judges typically have very little influence over the negotiation. Most frequently, theRead MoreRacial Inequality And The Criminal Justice System2318 Words   |  10 Pagesthe significances of these words in the context of the criminal justice system. When assessing these terms as they relate to the criminal justice system, discrimination and disparity of racial and ethnic groups has been acknowledged by many for some time. In some situations disparity can be an outcome of discrimination in the justice system. Disparity refers to injustice of all aspects of the criminal justice system, from arrests to sentencing for certain groups of people; it almost always refersRead MoreCriminal Justice System and Process Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesas Criminal Law (Law Library, 2011). Criminal law is also termed as Penal law, it comprises of rules as well as statutes that have been written by the Congress and the state legislators who deal with criminal activities (petty crimes, felonies or misdemeanors) that have a direct o r indirect harm to the general public and is accompanied by penalties of these crimes, (Morrison, 2008). Criminal law is enforced by the government. Criminal law has sub-sections that include: Substantive Criminal LawRead MoreSentencing of Juveniles2625 Words   |  11 PagesThe Sentencing of Juveniles Today, we live in a society faced with many problems, including crime and the fear that it creates. In the modern era, juveniles have become a part of society to be feared, not rehabilitated. The basis of the early juvenile justice system was to rehabilitate and create safe havens for wayward youth. This is not the current philosophy, although the U.S. is one of the few remaining countries to execute juveniles. Presently, our nation is under a presidential administrationRead More Sentencing of Juveniles Essay2553 Words   |  11 PagesThe Sentencing of Juveniles Today, we live in a society faced with many problems, including crime and the fear that it creates. In the modern era, juveniles have become a part of society to be feared, not rehabilitated. The basis of the early juvenile justice system was to rehabilitate and create safe havens for wayward youth. This is not the current philosophy, although the U.S. is one of the few remaining countries to execute juveniles. Presently, our nation is under a presidential administrationRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Banned1515 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment has been a part of the nation’s history as it dates back to the British North American colonies. Capital punishment was also used as a way to remove those prosecuted for being â€Å"witches† during the famous Salem Witch Trials. These days the use of the death penalty has become an anachronism. In recent times has capital punishment become a place for argument to those supporting and those opposing the death penalty. Capita l punishment should be federally banned for its inconsistencies in provingRead MoreThe Argument Of Capital Punishment1922 Words   |  8 PagesThe Argument of Capital Punishment There not many issues in the criminal justice system that have caused more heated discussions and arguments as consistent and strong as that of the argument of capital punishment. Capital punishment (death penalty) is one of the most critical issue that has strong defenders and opponents. This kind of punishment is the most severe form in the U.S. todays and it has different type which lethal injection

A Bergerian Reading and Chris “Ludacris” Bridges Free Essays

The whole of our existence is shaped by our experiences – the various situations that we find ourselves in. Parts of our experiences are influenced by what we see, and what we see takes us to new levels of experiences that allow us to situate ourselves in thoughts or visions represented by what we virtually perceive. Interpretations of visual texts, such as works of art, therefore are based on our perceptions and points of view, consequently leading to subjectivity despite the conventional meanings embedded within these works of art by the artist. We will write a custom essay sample on A Bergerian Reading and Chris â€Å"Ludacris† Bridges or any similar topic only for you Order Now Under these pretexts, various works of art, borne out of the social events, situations, or landscapes in the past, become subjects of mystification. Such are the views or perspectives of John Berger on art, particularly on Franz Hals’ portraits, the â€Å"Regents of the Old Men’s Alms House† and the â€Å"Regentesses of the Old Men’s House† (1580-1666) – that the social construct from which these works were created are mystified because of its incongruity to modern times. Berger, a seasoned art critique, presented a complex yet analytical perspective on the works of Hals, focusing on their being representative of history and how they are inevitably mystified not only by our perspectives as inhabitants of the modern day world but also Hals’, in his own words, oversimplification of what the portraits truly imply. Moreover, because of Berger’s analysis and personal critiques on the work of Hals, we as viewers of the visual text, begin to understand that the portraits are not merely images that represent superficial artistic and social elements such as unity and harmony, the ideas formed from observing facial expressions, gestures, and such. Furthermore, Hals’ works of art are snapshots of the social and economic situations that the artist, the regents and the regentesses found themselves in. The portraits seem to capture the kind of relationship that exists between the artist and the subjects of art, expressing something more – a drama that represents a historical landscape that is shared by Hals and his subjects within a social environment that was illuminated and solidified by large gaps among social groups or classes – brought to life by Hals’ artistry and ingà ©nue in translating emotions and perspectives to visual arts. The analytical perspectives of Berger as explored in his interpretations of Hals’ portraits shall be utilized to describe the messages or arguments evident in a portrait taken of the actor/rapper Chris â€Å"Ludacris† Bridges. In order to do so, it is highly significant to go over Berger’s perceptions or points of view on viewing art, particularly of Hals’ portraits, by creating a framework from which the visual analysis of the Ludacris’ portrait shall be based on. According to Berger, the act of viewing pieces of art may be done in various ways depending on: a) one’s perspective, b) the artists’ perspective, c) other people’s perspectives, d) the social, economic, or political situations within which the piece of art was conceptualized, and e) the present social, economic, or political situations completing a shared link between the past and the present. Moreover, Berger stressed that it is equally important that in order to understand the genuine sense or value of pieces of art, that viewers look or interpret them beyond their personal perspectives and the pictorial nature of the portrait. Viewing art should not adhere to convention of perspectives that was existent during the Renaissance because it limits the span of pieces of art to convey deeper and comprehensive meanings. The convention of perspectives isolates what the viewer might all-inclusively learn cognitively, emotionally or psychologically, socially, spiritually and such. Therefore, reading or interpreting visual texts should be a combination of one’s perspectives as they relate to the artists’ and other people’s perspectives, and the connections between the social, economic, and political situations from past to present. Human beings should also be aware that they are represented by and connected to art, as art is also able to view the viewer because of shared visual perspectives. The key to analyzing Ludacris’ portrait is to view it radically, if we are to align ourselves with Berger’s ideologies and perspectives. Ludacris’ portrait, being an image intended to represent remarkable style to signify celebrity-like success, borders on deception and absurdity. The explicit message that the artist photographer Robert Maxwell intended to express was associated with the vision of Moà «t Chandon; and that is, how adapting elegant, stylish, and distinctive fashion may be translated to remarkableness and success in the limelight that are consequently significant causes for celebration This argument is solidified by the nature of the camera – a narrow and limited perspective of things and situations – utilized by Maxwell in order to represent a specific idea or though restricted by the visualizations or representations of Moà «t Chandon, an well-known international producer of champagne that embodies conceptions of â€Å"splendour, pleasure, and prestige.† (Moà «t Chandon) How to cite A Bergerian Reading and Chris â€Å"Ludacris† Bridges, Papers

Demand and Supply Concept Of Certain Resources In Australia-Case Study

Question- How Demand and supply of certain resources in Australia and factors other than price which affect demand and supply? Contents Introduction Mechanism of Demand and Supply Analysis of demand and supply of certain resources of Australian Market: Conclusion Refrences Introduction Demand and supply are two important tools of microeconomic analysis. Demand refers to how much quantity of a product is desired and purchased by a buyer at a given price-level, where supply of a product represents how much quantity of a product that a market can offer at a given price-level. Demand and supply of a product depends on different factors. Demand of a product (suppose, X) depends on the price of that product (PX), price of the related commodities, consumers income, population or number of consumer, test and preferences of consumers etc., while supply of a product ( suppose, X), depends on the price of that product (PX), production cost, price of production factors, future expectation about the price level etc. Before discussing about the demand and supply of certain resources in Australia and factors other than price which affect demand and supply, the mechanism of demand and supply in microeconomic analysis should be done. Getting Tired of Never-Ending Assignments? Hire an Expert from MyAssignmenthelp and Get the Necessary Assignment Help at a Reasonable Rate. Mechanism of Demand and Supply According to Marshal, all other factors that determine the demand of a product, remaining constant, if the price of the product increases, then demand will decrease and if the price decreases, demand will increase. That means there is a negative relationship between price and quantity demand. On the other hand, all other factors that determine the supply of a product, remaining constant, if the price of the product increases, then supply will rise and if the price decreases, then supply will fall. Hence, there is a positive relationship between price and supply of that product. If this demand and supply forces of market can work freely, then we can get the equilibrium market demand at equilibrium market price, where demand and supply of the product is equal. Therefore, demand and supply forces determine the market price in a free market economy, in the absence of government intervention (Pindyck and Rubinfeld, 2005). This can be shown in the following diagram of demand and supply (Fi gure: - 1). If there is excess demand in economy, price level will increase and with the increase in price level, suppliers will increase the supply, which will meet the demand at equilibrium level (Hyman, 1988). Now, if other factors of demand except its own, price change, then demand curve will shift to upward or downward. For example, if income of an individual increases, then at the same price level demand will increase and demand curve will shift upward and if income decreases, then demand will fall and the demand curve will shift toward down as in figure:- 2. On the other hand, if other factors of supply except its own price, change, then supply curve will shift towards up or down at the same price level (McTaggart, Findlay and Parkin, 2012). For example, if production cost of a product increases, then the supply will decrease and the supply curve will shift towards down and if the production cost decreases, then supply will increase and the supply curve will shift towards up, as shown in figure:- 3(Fernandez and Lagunoff, n.d.). Now, from the above analysis of demand and supply, the analysis of demand and supply of certain resources in Australia can be done as follows. Analysis of demand and supply of certain resources of Australian Market:- In Australia, there exist different resources like agricultural resource, mining resource, human resource etc. Though, demand-supply analysis for these resources in Australia, is more or less same, but there exist slight differences between these analysis. Though the demand- supply analysis for the agricultural sources is same as the above analysis, but in case of mining resources and human resources, the demand supply analysis is different (Abowd and Freeman, 1991). There exist some exogenous factors of the economy which bring different results in demand supply analysis of various resources of the economy (Anon, 2015). For example, in case of Eastern Australian Gas market, there exists an asymmetry of option in demand-supply analysis. Before, 1990s, the demand in Australian Gas market was not so high because of international market pressure, and not because of its price level. From 1990s, due to the large scale development of export, both the demand and supply of Eastern Australian Gas market have increased throughout the phase of time. Now, if we consider, the case study of Bowen Surat gas fields in Australia, we can see that in next twelve years, the supply of LNG from this gas field was completely unavailable for the domestic market, though there was no common reason for fall in supply of LNG. This situation occurred completely due to an external reason. For this twelve years, all the gases produced in this field, were fully contracted to LNG export. Though there was enough gas in the eastern reserve to meet the domestic supply and there was no shortage in demand zone, there was deficit supply o f gases in the market (Musgrove and Stocks, 1985). Again, if we concentrate on mechanism of demand and supply of human resource of Australia, we can see that the demand for human resource in Australian market is excess than the supply of skilled labour, which results a hike in the wage level of workers. But, inspite of this high wage-level, increased supply cannot meet the demand as there is a lack of skilled labour in Australian market (Human Resource Management Australia, 1988)). Conclusion Hence, form the above analysis we can say that the demand and supply of any commodity, not only depends on the price level of the product, but also on some endogenous and exogenous factors. References Abowd, J. and Freeman, R. (1991).Immigration, trade, and the labor market. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Anon, (2015). Fernandez, J. and Lagunoff, R. (n.d.).Three Essays on Microeconomic Dynamics. Human Resource Management Australia. (1988).Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 26(1), pp.113-114. Hyman, D. (1988).Modern microeconomics. Boston, MA: Irwin. McTaggart, D., Findlay, C. and Parkin, M. (2012).Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson. Human Resource Management Australia. (1988).Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, 26(1), pp.113-114. Pindyck, R. and Rubinfeld, D. (2005).Microeconomics. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Teva Pharmaceuticals Strategy Case Paper free essay sample

Teva Pharmaceuticals is a pharmaceutical company specializing in generic and proprietary drugs. It is the world’s 11th biggest pharmaceutical company. Apart from its major market, US and Europe, it has a major presence in Russia, Latin America, Japan and South Korea. In 2012, it had revenue of 20. 3 billion and a net income of 1. 96 billion (see table 1). Target Customers: Teva pharmaceutical’s primary customers are wholesalers and retail drug chains. Physicians and hospitals are the other major customers. Women with hormonal ailments and patients above 65 also form an important and a growing market. Also, many pharmaceutical companies purchase active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) from Teva Pharmaceuticals. Product Offering: Teva pharmaceuticals have a variety of product offerings (see table 2). They are: * Generic Pharmaceuticals: Global leader in generic drugs. * Proprietary Pharmaceuticals: Copaxone ®, Azilect ®, Provigil ®, Cephalon ® and Theramex ® * Biopharmaceuticals: biosimilars such as Tevtropin Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: world’s leading manufacturers of APIs * Womens Healthcare Products: LoSeasonique ® and Plan B One-Step ® * Respiratory Products: Qvar ® and Proair ® Strategic pillars: * Teva’s main focus is to have a strong presence in generic market industry and APIs using its economies of scale. We will write a custom essay sample on Teva Pharmaceuticals Strategy Case Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Nearly 50 % of its income comes from generic market (see table 2). Teva will continue to extract maximum value from Paragraph IV patent challenge opportunities, by pursuing first-to-market opportunities, by developing complex generic products, and y enhancing the value of its portfolio by concentrating on high-margin, low competition markets. * It also has started to focus on proprietary drugs and biopharmaceuticals. It accounts for more than 40% of its revenue in 2012, up from 35% in 2011. Teva has achieved this primarily through acquisitions of specialty drug companies. Moreover the threat of patent expiry poses a challenge. Its blockbuster drug Copaxone ® is facing this challenge. * Teva is actively involved in entering new markets. It seeks to achieve market leadership in japan and Russia by product portfolio management and also expand its early stage businesses in markets such as South Korea, China and India, and seek to enter new markets such as Brazil and certain South East Asia markets. * Heavy investment in Ramp;D to develop and produce affordable biopharmaceuticals by leveraging on its formulation and manufacturing expertise. This is necessary to overcome the expiry of patents which leads to generic competition. However, Teva’s Ramp;D expenditure amounts only to 7 % of revenues which is lower than the industry standard (16-20%). Therefore for a tangible growth, they have to invest heavily in Ramp;D. * Extending its already significant vertical integration to its own pharmaceutical production. It introduced initiatives designed to reduce overall operating costs and complexity through a wide scale cross-functional effort to create a more efficient organization. Particular attention was given to improve procurement systems by leveraging its purchasing power and improving our production network, supply chain, and resource deployment processes. Recent focus in entering niche businesses to differentiate itself from its competitors. This has been achieved by acquisitions (Barr pharmaceuticals, Ratiopharm, Taiyo etc) and in partnership with other companies (Joint ventures with Pamp;G, collaboration with Handok, South Korea and Xenon Pharmaceuticals). Industry Analysis: The pharmaceutical industry is a $1 trillion-dollar industry, with a CAGR of 5%. Traditionally, USA has been major market followed by Europe and Japa n. The top 20 companies account for 77% of the market share (see figure 1). The HHI index is 378 indicating a highly competitive market. Porter’s 5 forces analysis indicate that: 1)   Threats of entry posed by new or potential competitors – LOW   High capital expenditure into research and development, lengthy approval process, marketing before any realized returns are a major deterrent for any new entrant. It is a highly regulated industry. Also, the presence of â€Å"big pharma† companies deters new competitors. 2)   Degree of rivalry among existing firms HIGH It is a mature, consolidating, highly competitive industry. Companies operate off of high margins (high 70%). Smaller companies either go bankrupt or bought out by bigger companies. 3)   Bargaining power of suppliers LOW There is little room for negotiation. Large pharmaceutical companies generally enjoy significant buying power. 4)  Ã‚  Bargaining power of buyers LOW Generally consumers have very little bargaining power as medication is prescribed. Apart from US where there is pricing flexibility, governments in other markets enjoy substantial pricing leverage. 5)   Closeness of substitute products – MEDIUM There is a growing threat from generic competition due to their global operations that can achieve lower-cost of supplies. Also the threat of patent expiry poses a challenge to pharmaceutical companies. Based on Porter’s model, LOW to MEDIUM forces are present among the strong players in the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, the industry is attractive to investors largely due to the high-barriers to entry, purchasing and pricing power, and strong credit profiles of existing firms. Competitor analysis – ACTAVIS Inc. : The closest and the fiercest competitor to Teva Pharmaceuticals is Actavis Inc. The company was formed after Watson Pharmaceuticals acquired privately-held Swiss-based Actavis Group in 2012. They are currently the third in the global generics market after Teva pharmaceuticals and Sandoz (subsidiary of Novartis AG). Not content with the generics market, Actavis wants to expand the number of branded drugs in its portfolio for better diversity. The company markets more than 750 generic products globally through operations in 60 countries, holding a strong position in generic oncology injectables and a growing position in OTC products. The brand-name drugs in its portfolio are principally geared at urology and womens health. Even though it is growing at a faster rate than Teva pharmaceuticals, it has a long way in catching up. It has one third the market cap of Teva pharmaceuticals (see table 4). Its revenues are 29 % of that of Teva pharmaceuticals. It doesn’t have the product portfolio in branded drugs like Teva pharmaceuticals and most of its revenues are from low margin generic market. Due to recent acquisitions and mergers, operating cost has increased and hence net income is less than 1 % of that of Teva Pharmaceuticals. In my opinion, Teva pharmaceutical has huge potential to grow given its standing in generic market, increased focus proprietary products, entry into emerging markets and diversified drug portfolio. However for long term substantial growth, Teva has to focus on threat from generic competitions by innovating through Ramp;D and vigorously pursuing acquisitions of specialty drug companies. References:

Influence of Media on political advertising

Influence of Media on political advertising Introduction Present American campaigns and elections depend highly on political advertising through the media. In the recent past, there have not been campaigns and elections without political ads on television. Political ads are now a main tool and vehicle in elections.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Media on political advertising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This does not however mean that all political campaigns have to use media. This means that media is a tool with which political advertising is very effective and reaches many people (Schultz, 2004). The main role of media is to give information and entertainment. However, media has an effect on different institutions including cultural, political, and even social institutions. Moreover, the media companies receive a big percent of their income from advertising (Biagi, 2011). Riaz, 2010 adds that one of the significant branches of Journalism a nd Mass Communication is political communication. Political communication entails the use of media by political parties and even governments to get support from the public especially during election times or any time they require public support. It is easy for government to provide the required information to the public using the internet and new media. Citizens receive the information the government want to convey while they also air their grievances and concerns to the government. Consequently, the media will always be part of any society since it will challenge and even aggravate. Although media can invite, manipulate, and irritate, it cannot work dependently. Media is sparklingly attractive; its style is captivating and its power frightening. Therefore, only a few people can pride of being able to resist its distractions and charm (Behnke, 2010). In the modern world, the society is moving on the tips of the fingers since it is the era of web. There has been a drastic change in t he society today since introduction of the new media technologies. Moreover, the new technologies have not spared the old print and electronic media. The development of new technologies is present in both developed and developing countries.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the evolution of technology has effects on the political communication. There is a rampant use of internet and mobile phones in the election campaigns. This means that media effects political behavior both in developing and developed countries (Riaz, 2010). Media and political communication Politics main purpose is to change people’s minds and change it completely. In the political system, the only channel to reaching citizens is through the media especially internet and television. Media is an articulated system, which, the original information comes from print media before television circulates to the majority of the audience and the radio modifies the communication. Therefore, without media there is no politics. The political systems mainly use the media to popularize themselves and get support from the citizens (Castells, 2007). Political communication ensures that the media those covers easily those in power and put their messages across. On the other hand, the media is more interested in the elites. Presently, if a candidate does not receive coverage by most media houses then his political policies will be less popular. This means that the candidates featured easily in the media remain the most popular politicians (Wolfsfeld, 2011). According to Hermanns 2008, the use of mobile phones is slowly gaining popularity since it occurs as a wider context of democracy by building of networks. Media and democracy Democracy is a common phrase in the modern world. However, democracy is only possible in a society that has freedom of discussion and information . Therefore, free media is a crucial part of the democratic society. In this context, media provides a platform for open discussions while organizing political debates. New media technologies thrive in such atmosphere where there is democracy and participation (Riaz, 2010). However, new does not have a major impact on the national politics compared with traditional media. The use of internet as a form of democracy is contradictory in many nations. The first way to feel the effect of media is through cultural diversity before coming to election. In this case, democracy in most societies refers to a culture of citizenship or specific structure of governance (Thorburn, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Media on political advertising specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Influence of media on campaigns and elections Politicians and their political campaigners have extensively used media to campaign for elec tions. In addition to this, they have used media to sell their agenda to the wider public. In some instances, politicians use the media platform to measure up with each other during campaigns. In this case, the politicians engage in fierce debates especially in national televisions. Here, they get a chance of selling their ideas and convincing the voters that they are the preferred candidates as opposed to their rivals. In addition, the interviewers put them to task in explaining their positions and opinions in certain critical issues affecting the wider public. In essence, such questions help the voters to gauge the candidates and make wise decisions (Schultz, 2004). Swanson Mancini, 1996 adds that politicians consider the periods of election campaigns as the most important periods of their career. In addition, the voters value this period because it helps in selection of good leaders and gauge the politicians against important national issues. The media, especially social media a nd televisions provide a good platform where the public and politicians realize these issues. It is only through the media that politicians can engage in healthy national debates and give the voters a chance to ask them questions. The media is also a very powerful tool in shaping and determining the progress of political contest. Each politician wants to reach as many voters as he can for assurance of winning. Since such politicians may not have the resources and time to tour all the parts of his country or region, they use media to reach many people. Most politicians make every effort to ensure that their campaign messages pass through most of the media houses. This is because not all people watch particular media house, but each has a preference. As a result, a single politician may reach thousands or millions of voters through advertising on media. In some instances, most of the politicians vying for various posts are not popular among the voters. However, when such politicians a dvertise through media, it may be surprising how they may get an overwhelming support from the public (Wolfsfeld, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Use of social media for political advertising completely changes political cultures of some regions and countries. Various researches indicate that over fifty percent of voters in many countries use the internet to gauge political candidates. It is also in the social media where many voters influence each other on the direction to vote. In this sense, voters may mobilize other voters to vote for a certain candidate. Other researches indicate that the media, especially social media influence the voting decisions of about forty percent of voters in developed countries. Some politicians also create pages in social media where they post their agendas and political policies. Politicians use the social media because they know that the biggest percentage of voters is between twenty years and forty-five years (Thorburn, 2004). Behnke, 2010 indicates that social media is a very powerful tool for political advertising. He adds that social media is emerging and developing at a very faster rate and that many people has easy access to it. This is because with current technologies of smart phones, tabs and pads, most people can access social media whenever they are and in whatever they are doing. There are very many social media sites today, and they have a great influence since they reach a great number of people. Many people use social media sites for socializing, posting advertisements, posting news, and making new friends. New Media and political advertising New media is very beneficial to the citizens. They help the citizens to choose the information they want and communicate with each other or their representatives directly without any influence of the editors. In addition, the new media provides fast access to information compared to the traditional media. The citizens also enjoy improved means of searching and storing information. Moreover, the new media helps the citizens enjoy the right of privacy because they can now access information directly without any influe nce of third party. New media is more democratic in that they allow citizen’s direct participation hence reducing the cost of money and time (Tambini, 1999). Schultz, 2004 asserts that political campaigns through the media can promote or break a political candidate. In some instances, there are some advertisements that portray negative qualities of a candidate. Other advertisements seek to attack certain politicians directly. The media is a platform where candidates sell their agenda as well as attack their opponents to taint them among the voters. On the other hand, political advertising through media can make a candidate popular even if he may have been less popular. Blogging is another powerful way in which media affects political advertising. The extent of many blogs portrays political messages. Most politicians use bloggers to generate messages that politically attack their opponents. Moreover, such blogs create good messages that directly or indirectly praise certain ca ndidates. It is evident that most political bloggers affect and influence how people make decisions during voting. In some instances, some bloggers create a negative picture of some politicians. Most voters incline to what the internet and media says about politicians. This is because there is no other way that voters can know their leaders and political candidates other than through the media (Hermanns, 2008). It is evident that media is a very powerful tool, with which various cultures and sub-cultures use to sell their ideas. In addition, many groups use the media to promote their culture and beliefs. Moreover, culture shapes political environments of any country, hence affecting political decisions. Various cultures also use media to promote and sell their agendas as they support and represent certain candidates from that culture or ethnic group. There are media houses that are exclusively for certain ethnic groups especially in less developed nations. The politicians who come f rom these ethnic groups use such media houses to compel people from their culture in supporting them. This causes fierce political battles between various media houses that support certain candidates of their own ethnic groups (Kahn Kellner). Castells, 2007 argues that even though media does not hold the power of any political culture, they influence the decisions made in bringing politicians to power. In many societies today, politics depend on political advertisement through media. This is because there is advancement in technology and more and more people are using the media in one way or another. The media is very powerful because it portrays both physical and intellectual pictures of political candidates. In this sense, media might popularize a candidate even though such a candidate was not popular among the voters. In addition, through political advertising, the voters may learn some behaviors as well as political agendas of candidates. This may lead to the voters trusting a certain candidate or developing distrust in another candidate. Even though media is a very powerful tool in political advertising, there are some limitations of media in delivering effective and wholesome political campaign. In this sense, political campaigns should target all ages of people as well as both literate and illiterate people. In addition, political advertising should reach both the poor and the rich. Some people are illiterate or too old to rely on the internet or social media for selecting their suitable candidates. Moreover, some people have limited resources to access social, print, and electronic media. This limits the wholesome effectiveness of media as a tool for political advertising (Riaz, 2010). Conclusion Media is a very powerful tool in political advertising. As technology advances in terms of social media and internet, most politicians are increasingly using media in political advertising. Media is useful in shaping democracies and political communications. In addition, most politicians are increasingly using media for political contest and campaigns. The social media and the internet are the most powerful forms of media for political advertising. In addition to these, electronic media in form of televisions and print media are increasingly popular for political advertising. Media has also some limitations in political advertising. It is not wholesome effective in relation to illiterate people, people who cannot access the media easily and old people. Reference List Behnke, P. (2010). Social Media and Politics: Online Social networking and Political Communication in Asia. Singapore: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung. Biagi, S. (2011). Media Impact: An Introduction to Mass Media. Hampshire: Cengage Learning. Castells, M. (2007). Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society. International Journal of Communication, 1(1), 238-266. Hermanns, H. (2008). Mobile Democracy: Mobile Phones as Democratic Tools. Politics, 28(2), 74–8 2. Kahn, R., Kellner, D. (2004). New media and internet activism: from the battle of Seattle to blogging. New media and society, 6(1), 87-95. Riaz, S. (2010). Effects of New Media Technologies on Political Communication. Journal of Political Studies, 1(2), 161-173. Schultz, D. (2004). Lights, Camera, Campaign: Media, Politics, and Political Advertising. New York: Peter Lang. Swanson, D. L. Mancini, P. (1996). Politics, Media, and Modern Democracy: An International Study of Innovations in Electoral Campaigning and Their Consequences. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group. Tambini, D. (1999). New media and democracy: The civic networking movement. New media society, 1(3), 305–329. Thorburn, D. (2004). Democracy and New Media: Media in transition. Cambridge: MIT Press. Wolfsfeld, G. (2011). Making Sense of Media and Politics: Five Principles in Political Communication, New York: Taylor Francis.

Your Offices Hot and Cold Temperatures

Your Offices Hot and Cold Temperatures Far too many office workers know the daily routine. The workplace either feels like you are in the middle of the blazing desert without a twig to stand under for shade or like you’re at the North Pole without an igloo to cut the icy wind. That’s because office temperatures are based on a 50-year-old formula that involved the resting temperature of a 40-year-old man who weighed 145 pounds. Working when you are uncomfortably hot or cold can be a challenge, but there are tips that can help you make it through the day and feel more comfortable.Layer Your ClothingIf you’re feeling like Bob Cratchit working for Ebenezer Scrooge, try layering your clothing to stay warm. Men already frequently do this by wearing a suit and adding a vest as an extra layer. Women often wear dresses to work, but if you wearing a pantsuit with an added vest, you can look chic and stay warmer. If you are still cold, bring a sweater and add an extra pair of socks and a wooly scarf.Get Somethin g to DrinkYou can help cool yourself down or warm yourself up by getting something to drink. Hot coffee, tea, or even a cup of soup can take away that frosty chill. When you’re feeling hot, opt for a drink with ice, cold fruit juice, or chunks of frozen fruit.Get Out of the OfficeStep out of the office for a few minutes to warm up or cool down if there are areas in the building where it is more comfortable. Just walking will warm you up some. Going out to lunch is another option, even if it’s just for a quick bite in a place with a more comfortable temperature. This gives you the ability to reenergize yourself for the rest of the day.Watch What Fabrics You WearYour choice of fabrics in a business environment can affect whether you feel too hot or cold indoors. When you feel too warm, wear breathable fabrics such as cotton, linen, or silk. The light weight and breathability lets the moisture evaporate from your skin faster because these fabrics allow better air circulat ion.Additional Options to Cool Down or Warm UpYou’ve changed your clothing and are sipping like mad on hot or cold drinks and it still isn’t enough, it’s time to go into emergency mode. If you are too hot, unplug all unnecessary equipment around you because those little machines put out heat. Unplug your lamp, too. Bringing in a small fan can be helpful to keep you cool. If the cold has you shivering, ask your boss if you can use a small space heater and get a pair of fingerless gloves for frosty hands.Sometimes you have to make small accommodations to work in a great job, and adaptability is also useful to find that perfect job. Using a job search site helps by doing the search for you. After you enter your qualifications and job interests, TheJobNetwork works around the clock to find matches for you and notifies you right away. That way, you don’t miss any opportunities and are able to be among the first in line to apply for the position. In addition, y ou can perform job searches on the platform yourself.Searching for the job you want was never easier. When you sign up for job match alert, you’re on your way to a new career.

Managed care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managed care - Essay Example Thus, this dilemma in expenditure planning further affects the rate settings of managed care mechanism based on the probabilistic premium rate. With effective control of administrative costs and other related expenses, the Medicaid agencies faced severe forms of difficulties related to accrue payments and other relevant needs (Anderson & Fox, 1987). Furthermore, the biased or improper selection of payment services was noted to be affecting the overall process of rate settings. Notably, this sort of plan is likely to attract different set of people undergoing through distinct health conditions. Thus, to increase the transparency of the rate setting system, the Medicaid agencies should develop a plan of incorporating healthier enrollees for Medicaid programs. With the view of developing a biased plan, the Medicaid organizations should remain indulged in formulating effective individual programs within the domain of care giving. Thus, it could be stated that rate setting for a program is one of the major issues faced by the Medicaid organizations in enhancing the ability of the programs to meet the diverse needs of the enrollees (Anderson & Fox,

Graduate Schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Graduate Schools - Research Paper Example This essay stresses that graduate schools equip students to think with a high degree of open-mindedness. Graduates are not fixed in their thinking. They are open to debates and are quite flexible with respect to decision making. They are able to recognize and assess situations critically, make assumptions, implications and practical consequences of their actions. Accordingly, they act after assessing situations with sharp and open minds. This paper makes a conclusion that graduates also master great communication, human relations and communication skills. They go through intensive theoretical and practical learning that transforms them into useful assets in the society. They are relied upon to figure out solutions to complex problems at individual, group and societal levels. This is because the graduate schools have equipped them with knowledge and skills to solve such complex problems. Think tanks in virtually all fields of knowledge come from graduate schools. Whether in the field of medicine, technology, religion, humanities and social sciences, the leading brains are produced from the graduate schools. Strategic global thinkers with diversified knowledge and skills come from these graduate schools. From the foregoing, graduate schools play very significant roles towards the growth and development of the society. They contribute to research and development in economics, politics, social sciences, cultural aspects and religion. The society needs graduate schools to do research, enhance global competition and build a very vibrant economy

Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction Essay Example for Free

Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction Essay PEMDAS stands for Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction. PEMDAS corresponds the right order of numerical operations that has to be used when solving mathematical problems. Following that definition, PEMDAS implies that expressions inside the parentheses should be evaluated first. If there are multiple parenthesis and brackets in the equation, the rule of thumb indicates working from the inside going out. After which, those with exponents are handled. Next, multiplication and division are performed. These two are actually ranked equally and should be carried out from left to right. Them being equal, you can evaluate the expression as you go along. You can multiply or divide from left to right, depending upon to what is called for. The same is true with addition and subtraction, which comprises the last part of the sequence. Just like multiplication and division, these two regarded as equal. It means that you can perform either addition or subtraction as required from left to right. PEMDAS is the universally accepted way of solving mathematical problems. It ensures a better flow of operation within the equation and is generally considered the most logical way to solve a problem. For example, the simple operation 2+(3-1)24 will generate 18 if PEMDAS is used. Evaluating this equation from left to right isnt really possible, because you dont have anything to square unless you evaluate whats inside the parenthesis first. If PEMDAS is not applied, mathematical problems will show different results. 5+32 is equal to 11 applying PEMDAS. But if it is merely evaluated from left to right, the answer becomes 16. Simply put, the use of PEMDAS standardizes the evaluation of algebraic equations and other and mathematical problems. Using it enhances the smooth flow of communication between people as well. We all know how mathematics is important in our daily lives. There are a lot of direct application of mathematics in medicine, engineering, and business. What will happen if doctors dont interpret in the same way a certain mathematical formula provided by pharmaceutical companies to determine the exact dosage of medicine to a patient? Then the results may just be fatal to the patient for all we know.

cinderella Essay -- essays research papers

Cinderella: Once Upon A Time The story of Cinderella has appealed to a number of audiences since its earliest dated version in A.D. 850. Even with the extensive selection of fairy tales in existence, "Cinderella" is undoubtedly the best known in the world, with over 700 versions of this story available. However, this popularity is not limited strictly to literature, for the Cinderella theme is also seen in many movie productions. Two movies, Walt Disney's Cinderella and Andy Tennant's Ever After: A Cinderella Story, are of particular interest. These films share many similarities, both in the screenplay and in the visual effects, but a vast difference exists between the two. Though both teach that goodness will ultimately triumph over evil and villainy, Ever After's depiction of the characters presents a better moral lesson for our society by showing that independence and intelligence are just as important as goodness. Throughout history, as evidenced by Perault and the Grimm Brothers, Cinderella has typically been portrayed as the girl who obeys without complaining. She is characterized to be a perfect woman, both in purity and in beauty. All stories are somewhat influenced by the times in which they are written, and "Cinderella" is no exception. In fact, the date in which Disney's Cinderella was released, 1950, most likely played a significant role in this particular Cinderella's success. After the years of poverty and struggle of the Great Depression and World War II, America wanted a change. Instead of being reminded of the past, this generation wanted to look toward the future as a time of happiness, success, and stability. Cinderella gave them this chance. Its ideals are simple and follow the morality themes of ordinary fairy tales: if one is pure and follows his or her conscience, one's dreams will come true. Disney adheres to the typical portrayal of Cinderella as the perfect woma n. In the Disney movie, she is young, innocent, and pure. More importantly, she plays a sweet, innocent girl with whom no one can find a fault. She accepts her circumstances, and makes the best of them, no matter how dire and unfavorable. Though she is a servant in her own home, with her stepfamily ordering her about, her only response to this abuse is, "I know it isn't easy maciej mikula, but we should at least try and get along together." Cin... ...r more than she needs him, though the outward appearance may seem otherwise. This is more evidence of the independence people in the 21st century encourage in both women and men. Walt Disney's Cinderella and Andy Tennant's Ever After are both based on the original Cinderella stories. However, because both of them were released in very different times, many differences mark the two versions, though they keep many of the key elements that appeal to such a wide audience over the centuries. In both stories, Cinderella is a beautiful, young lady with a kind heart. Ever After, however, adds intelligence and courage to these qualities. Leading into the 21st century, these additions make Cinderella a much more modern and appealing role model for both the female and male audiences. Cinderella triumphs over her evil stepfamily in Ever After by playing an active role in receiving her freedom and by demonstrating to the viewer that knowledge is just as important a trait as goodness. Even tho ugh Cinderella and her prince live "happily ever after" in both Disney and Tennant's depictions, how each girl got to the point of this ever-famous phrase has dramatically changed with the times.

Short Story Sonny Blues

In James Baldwin’s, Sonny’s Blues, he uses many different symbols throughout his short story to present the overall theme of suffering to the reader. He uses symbols such as music, characters facial expressions and the presence of ice, light and darkness. In the very beginning of the story when the narrator is reading the paper and he comes across the news of his brother, Sonny, he says, â€Å"A great block of ice got settled in my belly and kept melting there slowly all day long†. (Baldwin 600) He also says â€Å"†¦it was a special kind of ice.It kept melting, sending trickles of ice water all up and down my veins, but it never got less. † (Baldwin 600) This is not the only time that the ice presents itself. It reappears when the narrator meets one of Sonny’s friends who is also a drug addict, and again later when Sonny is over for dinner with the narrator’s family. The ice that appears whenever the narrator feels an uncomfortable or pa inful situation represents how the narrator is incapable of dealing with his own emotions well. The ice also allows the reader to empathize with how the narrator feels about how his brother is leading his life.Another symbol Baldwin uses throughout Sonny’s Blues is light and darkness. Throughout the story there is a contrast of light and darkness. For example, in the first paragraph of the story, Sonny’s Blues Baldwin writes, â€Å"I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces and bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness which roared outside. † (Baldwin 599) This contrasts the lightness and the darkness. It demonstrates the contrast between his own suffering and the world around him and the suffering of the world.Another example of lightness and darkness Baldwin uses in the short story is when the narrator’s mother is recalling the story of the narrator’s father and his brother she says â€Å"th ere was a moon that night, it was bright like day. † (Baldwin 607) This is when the narrator’s father and his brother are having a good time and walking home. This brightness of the moon is used to represent the light, which represents all the hope and good things in life. The narrator’s mother later recalls, â€Å"he says he never in his life seen anything as dark as that road after the lights of that car had gone away. (Baldwin 608) Referring to after the narrator’s father’s brother had been hit and killed. The color of the men’s skin also represents the contrast between light and darkness. The men that killed the narrator’s father’s brother were all white and the other two men were dark skinned. This is also an example of the contrasting of light and dark. This shows how the difference of something in the same situation can both have two different results. Meaning that both the light men and the dark men were drunk. They wer e each also having fun. The situations were both similar, but the end results of each situation were very different.One of the dark men lost their life to the light men. The darkness is used to represent the tormenting and dark moments in the characters lives. The darkness however is always stabilized with lightness. Just like the dark road was stabilized with the lightness of the car lights. This light is used to signify safety and comfort, while the darkness represents the turmoil also looking to destroy that safety and comfort. Another way Baldwin symbolizes the overall theme of suffering is through the character’s facial expressions and interactions.Baldwin writes â€Å"And I watched her face as she laughingly responded to something someone said to her, still keeping time to the music. When she smiled one saw the little girl, one sensed the doomed, still struggling women beneath the battered face of the semi-whore. † (Baldwin 602) This shows that even under her â⠂¬Å"battered face† there was still a glimpse of when she was young. The narrator can see her as a young innocent little girl. This shows the reader that there is hope even in suffering. Baldwin is also trying to get his point across that even though one may suffer, the suffering will not change the past and whom you are or have become.Another example of how Baldwin incorporates the facial expressions of his characters to help promote the overall theme of suffering is when the narrator is on the subway in the first few sentences of the short story. He writes, â€Å"I stared at it in the swinging lights of the subway car, and in the faces of the bodies of the people, and in my own face, trapped in the darkness. † (Baldwin 600) This illustrates that not only does the narrator feel and see suffering inside himself and his own face, but he also sees it inside the faces of others and the surroundings around him.This also proves that the overall effect of suffering is visible to one who is suffering themselves, like that of the narrators. Baldwin also promotes the theme of Sonny’s Blues by using the presence of music. The entire short story is loaded with occasions of music. The overall title of the story even contains music. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues†, promotes the tone and theme of suffering throughout the entire story. It provides the reader with information that there will be suffering in the story. Giving them an idea of what is to come before even being read. Another example of music is Sonny’s growing love for playing the piano.The narrator states â€Å"†¦Sonny was so serious about his music and how, as soon as he came in from school, †¦he went straight to that piano and stayed there until suppertime. †, â€Å"He was at the piano all day Saturday and all day Sunday. † (Baldwin 612) This tells the reader of Sonny’s love for music. It illustrates how the music is Sonny’s safety and allows h im to not suffer. When Baldwin makes it clear to the reader that Isabel and her mother grow tired of the music, â€Å"it wasn’t like living with a person at all, it was like living with sound. And the sound didn’t make any sense to her, didn’t make any sense to any of them – naturally. (Baldwin 612) This proves that music can both heal suffering but also create it. The music for Sonny was a safety. To Sonny the music made him feel at ease and helped to subside his suffering. It wasn’t until after Sonny stopped playing the piano and his records that he began to truly feel the power of his suffering. Although the music was a medicine to Sonny’s suffering, it was the cause of suffering for Isabel and her mother. This suffering caused Isabel’s mother to snap and yell at Sonny. This caused Sonny to stop playing the piano and thus the true suffering began.Another example of suffering and music is when the narrator witnesses the meeting on the corner. He watches the battered people play their music and notices their suffering. He says, â€Å"As the singing filled the air the watching, listening faces underwent a change, the eyes focusing on something within; the music seemed to soothe a poison out of them; and time seemed, nearly, to fall away from the sullen, belligerent, battered faces, as though they were fleeing back to their first condition, while dreaming of their last. † (Baldwin 615) Showing again how music can be a safety and a rescuer to not only Sonny but others as well.By the narrator stating this it shows that it is noticeable of the change in expression music brings as it lessens the sufferings of those who play. â€Å"Sonny’s fingers filled the air with life, his life. † (Baldwin 620) Near the end of Baldwin’s story Sonny plays his music once again. To most, the music Sonny plays is merely for entertainment. But to some it is a story, Sonny’s story. As Sonny plays, the narrator notices the things his brother has been through and felt. While Sonny plays the narrator notices both his brother’s suffering as well as his own.

Morning Routine

A morning routine is something everyone can relate to and must endure. The variables involved are as numerous as there are people in the world. Everyone has his or her own routine but not everyone has detailed this process in a flowchart design. The following will discuss my morning routine, the variables affecting the process, and how to improve the process and decrease the amount of time preparing for and traveling to work. Time spent on each task provides a general overview of each operation with commute time chosen as the metric for the various routes listed. Process Factors  Run-Time and Set-up Time Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, (2006), define run-time as, â€Å"†¦the time required to produce a batch of parts† (p. 163. ) In this essay, I equate run-time to those areas that require action (tasks or operations. ) Furthermore, Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, (2006), define setup-time as, â€Å"†¦the time required to prepare a machine to make a particular item† (p. 163-164. ) I liken setup-time to the time required to prepare for each task or operation. Last, Chase, Jacobs, and Aquilano, (2006), define operation-time as,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the sum of the setup-time and run-time for a batch of parts†. In this scenario, operation-time will cover the entire flow chart from â€Å"wake-up† to â€Å"arrive at work. † Appendix A outlines my typical morning routine. Variances are few therefore; any changes affect the amount of time spent at each task or decision point. The first item is to wake up and decide whether or not to go to work. If the decision is to stay in bed or stay home, the flowchart is complete and no further actions are necessary. As most mornings are â€Å"get out of bed,† the first task is to walk the dog. Because I do not have a fenced in yard or invisible fence, time must be allocated for this effort. If a fence was put in place, this task would not require action and I would have no need to allocate run-time therefore, reducing the time spent in the morning routine. After walking the dog I change into work attire and eat breakfast. To save run-time in the morning, I allot setup-time the night before for such things as; choosing work attire, placing breakfast items in the kitchen, and preparing lunch for the following day. In this fashion, I am significantly decreasing the amount of run-time required to perform each task in the morning. The task of eating breakfast is static therefore; time spent eating includes time spent listening to traffic reports to prepare for the next task in the chart, which is commute to work. I have the choice of four routes to travel to work and each route has positives and negatives. Setup-time for the commute is negligible and calculating run-time combines time traveled, miles covered, obstacles, e. g. stop signs, stop lights, and vehicle control points. Conclusion A morning routine has numerous variations and an overabundance of obstacles that can divert the most stringent process design. By decreasing setup-time, run-time for each task is affected positively allowing a shorter operation-time. A major decision point in Appendix A revolves around the choice of route to travel based on the mornings traffic report. I will measure the four routes listed and account for obstacles such as number of stop signs and traffic lights, school zones, miles from point A (home) to point B (work), and time required traversing each path. The metric of choice is time and how best to reduce the time commuting to work each day.

Chasing Amy Essays - English-language Films, Miramax Films

Chasing Amy Essays - English-language Films, Miramax Films Chasing Amy Framing is a vital part of the film making process. It sets the mood, brings attention to sutleties, and can show us the real intentions of a character. For example, would the scene with the famous shot from between the legs of Mrs. Robinson in the movie The Graduate be as memorable if it instead showed a close up of Dustin Hoffman as he entered the room? Or the final shoot out in The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. Would there be more impact with an American shot of Clint Eastwood? The answer is obvious, of course not. The Kevin Smith masterpiece, Chasing Amy, follows those memorable scene's by showing the evolution of the two main characters, Holden (Ben Affleck) and Alyssa (Joey Lauren Adams), relationship from friends to lovers with framing and other cinematographic methods. Cinematography- The art or technique of movie photography, including both the shooting and the development of a film, (American Heritage, 159) but you probably have not even noticed it. Cinematography has existed for as long as film has, but it has not really been considered an art for until the late 1930's, early 1940's. It can be used in many different forms, artistic expression, political belief's, or even used to satire pop culture. Chasing Amy follows this pattern of cinematography with showing the relationships of Holden and Alyssa change into a budding romance. Chasing Amy is a romantic comedy about people who write comic books for a living whose most passionate conversations can involve the sex lives of Archie and Jughead, (Ebert, 138) and is the third installment of Smith's New Jersey Trilogy. The New Jersey Trilogy consists of two other films as well. The critically acclaimed Clerks and the not so critically acclaimed, Mallrats. Clerks had been over-praised, Mallrats has been over-bashed, third time's the charm, (View Askew.com) Smith said on his website. The movie stars Ben Affleck as Holden McNeel, an aspiring comic book artist who falls in love with another comic book artist, Alyssa Jones (Joey Lauren Adams). As the movie goes on, you find out that Alyssa is a lesbian and all the encounters she had with men which led her to make that decision. But in one key moment when Holden admits his feelings to Alyssa, the whole pace of the movie changes. Alyssa decides to take a chance and decides that Holden is the one for her as she throws her whole world upside down to be with him. But in the end, her radical and experimental life style is too much for Holden as he finds out a little to much of her past for his liking and throws it all away. But finding out the hard way of the error of his ways he finds out that it is too late and learns the lesson it's not who you love, but how. (View Askew.com) Holden's inability to deal with aspects of Alyssa's sexual history mirrors Smith's own problems dealing with aspects of (his girlfriend's) past (Gin, 543) makes this a very personal film for Smith, and he shows it in the way he films this movie. The first encounter that Holden and Alyssa have alone together is in a bar. It is the same day that they met and they are still trying to get to know each other. So Alyssa brings up the idea to play darts and Holden politely accepts the offer. While they are playing darts, they get to know each other better by discussing their current projects, Holden is a successful comic book creator and artist with his comic book Bluntman and Chronic, while Alyssa is not as successful in her own right with her project titled Idiosyncratic Routine. As the scene goes on you can see that both of them have a mutual understanding, and according to Holden, both of them have shared a moment. The way that Kevin Smith went about showing this vital scene is by having a point of view shot from the dartboard. This shot showed both Holden and Alyssa standing next to each other. Also since the dartboard is a stationary object, you don't have any movement in the scenes the framing is primarily focused on them so not to distract from the viewer to focus from the pair. Also the use of deep focus comes in handy. For example, when one of them ran out of darts to throw they would walk up to retrieve them, while they were doing this the camera would use deep focus to show the other in the background, sutilly checking the other one out. Also if you notice, the sides that they stand on in the scene reflect their stance on life. Holden, the more conservative of the

Assessing The Difference Between Crime And Defiance Criminology Essay

Assessing The Difference Between Crime And Defiance Criminology Essay Crime and Deviance, is a major topic which affects mostly every society in today’s world. When defining crime and deviance, it will depend of the norms and values of a society. Many societies have many different values and norms. Norms of society, is where all society members are expected to conform to certain behaviours. Values of a society, is where a society values something which all society members conform to. For example, many societies value certain types of religion such as Christianity or Buddhism and many other types of religion. Crime in society, is usually very specific, that it goes against the laws of society. People who commit crimes, are breaking the law and if caught, must be punished. People can be punished for committing crimes such as burglary, damage to people’s property, murder and assault. People who are found guilty of committing crimes, must be punished by the courts of law. Crime is a relative concept. This means that how a society views crimi nal acts, can differ. Criminal acts in one society, may not be seen as a criminal act in another society. Society may also differ in how to punish people for committing specific criminal acts. (Broom and Selznick, 1963 p 540,541). When looking at crime in society, it is important to look at the physiological and psychological approaches in relation to crime. These approaches have been criticised. Looking at the physiological approach, a biological theory was carried out by Cesare Lombroso. Cesare Lombroso, tried to find out if there was a connection between crime and biological causes. In 1876, Cesare Lombroso carried out research called â€Å"L’Uomo Delinquente†. Cesare Lombroso (1835 – 1909), came up with the suggestion that criminals could be identified using certain physical characterisitics such as large jaws, low foreheads and excessive body hair. Cesare Lombroso’s work was dismissed, because the theory was only focused on the criminals, in prison. This theory failed to take into account, why some people who have similar human attributes, are found throughout the world. The theory, failed to explain how certain physical human attributes distinguish criminals from people who do not commit criminal activities. (Macionis and Plummer,1998. P207) The psychological approach suggests that criminal behaviour, could be explained due to the individual’s mental make up and processes such as personality, rather than the person’s physical characteristics. Hans Eysenck, carried out research in â€Å"Crime and personality† in 1964. Hans Eysenck, suggested that it was possible that certain personality traits that people have can make certain people â€Å"resistant to discipline than others†.(Stephenson,1992. Page 7). Hans Eysenck also suggested that people with certain personality characteristics would be more likely to commit criminal behaviours.(Stephenson,1992. Page 7). Overall, using the physiological and psych ological approach has been criticised as it does not take into account some factors such as â€Å"exploring how conceptions of right and wrong initially rise,†.(Macionis and Plummer,1998. P208). Deviance can be defined as behaviour which does not conform to certain norms of a specific society.(Haralambos & Holborn,2008). Deviance can be explained as a more broader term than crime. It is not specific and deviant behaviour may not be criminal.

Health care policy and financing Research Paper

Health care policy and financing - Research Paper Example Below are various competencies that the nurse is expected to exhibit in the face of the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation. 712.1.1: Legislative and Regulatory Processes The legislative instrument guiding the formation and operation of the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation is vested in the Social Security Amendments of 1965, which was specifically set up to cater for the health needs of specific categories of United States citizens with low income and economic resources (Dziegielwski, Turnage and Roest-Marti, 2004). What this means is that both Medicare and Medicaid are population stratified legislations that cover a specific population. The process of implementing the legislation was vested into individual states. This means that each state administers or implements its own Medicare & Medicaid Innovation policies. The idea of doing this is to promote healthy competition among the various state implementing agencies. This not withstanding, there is a federal regulation of the project, which as at now is vested to the care of federal Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). The general process of monitoring and evaluation of the regulation of the policy is there in the hands of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), who are in return expected to render feedback accounts to the larger population of the United States. 712.1.2: Policy Development There are several ways that the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation impacts clinical practice and healthcare delivery. Over the years, there are realistic data to suggest that the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation is indeed developing fast at the state and national level. It is not for nothing therefore that the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation has on several occasions being copied by different countries and nations in different formats (Malcomson Law, 2012). Within the United States premises, it has been noted that the policy has come as a perfect intervention for bridging the gap between the poor and rich in terms of healthcare reception. This is because before the implementation of the policy, only a few privileged ones had the luxury of receiving quality healthcare, but today, the system has changed (Kanner, 2001). In effect, healthcare delivery can now be referred to as a right rather than a privilege in the United States and this right is enjoyed by all people with different socio-economic backgrounds. 712.2.1: U.S. Healthcare Delivery In the United States, what makes the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation unique is how healthcare is delivered in general. This is to say that the United States has an entirely different healthcare delivery process. In the first instance, healthcare delivery is done from an individualized perspective (Kanner, 2001). What this means is that healthcare delivery is targeted at solving the individual needs of people. It is for this reason that healthcare implementation for major policies such as the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation is done at the state level. The ide a is that different states have different health needs and so should have their healthcare delivered from different perspectives. With specific reference to the Medicare & Medicaid Innovation, the United States has such as a specialized healthcare delivery system that makes it possible for different states to have the policy in different formats. For example, Maine implements the program as MaineCare whiles California implements the pr